AN ANALYSIS OF
WORD FORMATION AND MEANING IN BAHASA GAUL
ENGLISH-INDONESIA OF UNIVERSITYOF PGRI SEMARANG’S STUDENTS ON FACEBOOK
Dina AhsantaPuri
ahsantapuipui@gmail.com
University
of PGRI Semarang
ABSTRACT
Linguistic phenomena in Indonesian adolescents have
grown up along with technology and science development. Adolescents are very close with popular
language which is commonly called bahasa
gaul. One of the most popular languages that have contributed in the
development of bahasa gaul in
Indonesia is English. As an international language, English has its own
fascination for them. This paper showing about the language mixing of
English-Indonesia becomes bahasa gaul
which is famous around the adolescents. The researcher used descriptive
qualitative method. This analysis focuses on facebook text. The data were taken
from students of University of PGRI Semarang. For example, “fix”; “Kamu udah nge-fix-in tempat?” The adolescents use it word
without understanding the meaning. But in other side, from language mixing of
English-Indonesia, it makes many new words that have new meaning and unique
formation.
Keywords : bahasa
gaul, facebook text, word formation, word meaning, University of PGRI
Semarang
INTRODUCTION
Humans can not live without language, both spoken and
written. Languages are the symbols used to express thoughts, ideas and
feelings to others. According to Big Indonesian Dictionary (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, KBBI)
(2001:88) language is an abritrary system of sounds that are used by members of
a community to cooperate, interact, and identify themselves.
Spoken language is a language that interaction
directly. The presence of spoken language by talking can be related to a symbol
of the spoken language. Then, written language is the language used indirectly,
as contained in social, for exemple, facebook or twitter.
In globalization era, the spoken language or written language
is growing increasingly, especially in social network. There is term
"bahasa gaul" or alay. Koentjaraningrat, said that alay is a phenomenon that happened in
Indonesian adolescence, who want to be recognized their existance among their
friends. These phenomenons will change their style in writing and dressing.
Bahasa
gaul is informal Indonesian dialect used by a particular
community in a particular area or socially (KBBI, 2008: 116). Bahasa gaul
developed along with the increasing of the technology and science. Bahasa gaul generally used as a means of
communication among adolescences during a particular period. This is because adolescences
have their own language to expressing themselves.
Adolescence has characteristics among other
adventures, grouping, and delinquency. These characteristics are also reflected
in their language. The desire to create an exclusive group cause they create a
secret language (Sumarsana and Partana, 2002:150).
According to Owen (in Papalia: 2004) adolescence began
to sense the words that have double meanings. They liked tho use metaphor,
irony, and playing with words to express their opinion. Sometimes they create
new expressions that are not standard.
The reason, why the researcher focus on text on
facebook to be analyzed, it's because of the facebook had been known well than
the other social networks. Nowadays, most of people have facebook accounts.
Many adolescences on facebook use English-Indonesia word to express their
thought or feeling. There are many
English words undergoing construction and morphological processes with
Indonesian affixation. Also there are Indonesian
reduplication style in English word.
Someone (red: adolescences) who is involved with the
use of two languages and two cultures, certainly can’t be separated from the
effects of the use of the two languages. One of the consequences of
bilingualism is an overlap between the two language systems.
Malmaker (1992: 61-61) distinguish the language
mixture into two linguistic systems:
a. Transfer
code (code switching): switching from one language into another language in one
speech or conversation; and
b. b.
Mixed code (code mixing / interference), the use of language elements, of the
language through a special speech into another language.
Mixed code or interference refers to the use of formal
elements such as code language phoneme, morpheme, word, phrase, sentence in a
context of one language into another language
(Beardsmore, 1982: 40). Code switching and code in the context of
mixed-language and situations can be seen clearly, also the level, nature, and
causes.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Haugen
and
Beardsmore
(1982:
46) reported
that the
language elements
are
easily
mixed
after
nouns
are
verbs,
adjectives,
adverbial,
preposition
and
interjection;
whereas
pronouns
and
articles
demonstrate
the robustness
to not
mix with
other
language elements.
A. Reduplication
Sapirin (Katamba:1993),
reduplication is a
repetition of
the whole
or part of
radical
elements.
made to
declare
a symbol,
to express
each
concept
as a distribution,
plural,
repetition,
stating
regular activity
and
increases
the size of the
states.
Ramlan (1987), reduplication
is process repeatability either fully or partially. There is
a class of words that change and some of
them are not change.
B.
Affixtion
Studying the process of forming words and affixes
affixing method is the key to understanding the meaning of words and learn to
read the text derivative Indonesian. Most of the words contained in newspapers
and magazines Indonesia berafiks. If a person understands the meaning of basic
words, he can understand the meaning of most words are derived (inherited) from
the base, by using the general rules for each type of affixes.
If we can accept a bit of
confusion in the use of affixes, we can simplify the discussion of affixes
(affixes). In classifying types of words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.) we
use the word classification rule according to Big Indonesian Dictionary (Balai
Pustaka, Ministry of Education and Culture, Second Edition - 1991) compiled and
published by the Government of Indonesia.
Here
are some Indonesian affixes:
-
prefiks: ber-,
di-, ke-, me-, meng-, mem-, meny-, pe-, pem-, peng-, peny-, per-, se-, ter-
-
sufiks: -an,
-kan, -i, -pun, -lah, -kah, -nya
-
konfiks: ke -
an, ber - an, pe - an, peng - an, peny - an, pem - an, per - an, se - nya
METHODOLOGY
This research used a qualitative descriptive method to
describe English word which is added by Indonesian affixes and the
reduplication of English word when used in Indonesian culture. This research
focus on adolecents that usually using English-Indonesia word, or it is
commonly called as bahasa gaul.
WHO (World Health Organization) identifies adolescence
as the period in human growth and development that occurs after childhood and
before adulthood, from ages 10 to19. Based on that definition, the reseacher
made a reseach about text on facebook. It is focus on University of PGRI Semarang’s
students; second semester to fourth semester that the ages about 10-19 years
old.
On facebook, in account setting, there is “close
friends” feature. The user can add the best friends to this list to see more of
them in theis news feed and get the notified each time their friend post.
This research used technique of note, because the
object of this study were vocabularies
that undergoing construction and morphological processes when mixed with
Indonesian in some texts on facebook.
Data processing techniques:
1. Describing English word that containing
construction and morphological processes of Indonesian affixation.
2. Analyzing the change of the word class
3. Analyzing the lexical meaning
4. Analyze grammatical meaning
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
From 30 students in University of PGRI Semarang, the
reseachers found 3 students using the word English-Indonesia on facebook. There
are some unique words that have undergone morphological construction
A.
Reduplication
and Affixation (Prefix)
Argantha
Pratama Ramadhan said on his comment, “hari ini banyak status mellow-mellow. Semangat Stop bermellow. Ayo ngguyu.”
There
are two kinds of word that has been changed in form and meaning, they are:
“mellow-mellow” and “ber-mellow”
è Mellow-Mellow (sedih-sedih)
It’s unusual to hear the
word “mellow-mellow” in English. There is no “mellow-mellow” reduplication in English. It’s only happened when the English word
(mellow) mixing with the Indonesian culture that rich of reduplication.
è Bermellow (bersedih)
The word “bermellow”
originally comes from Englis word “mellow” which is added by the Indonesian prefix,
“ber-“. The word mellow has a word class
as an adjective, but when it added by Indonesian prefix “ber”,the word class of
“mellow” has been changed become verb.
Morphological proces : Affixation (prefix)
Mellow (adj.) : Ber- + mellow -> bermellow
(verb)
Lexical
meaning : soft
Grammatical
meaning : Making self in sadness
situation.
Anggita
Ratnaning Tyas said in her status on facebook, “aku lebih seneng mengupdate
status daripada ngetweet mulu”
From
the text, there are two English-Indonesia words. They are: meng-update and nge-tweet.
è Mengupdate/ Meng-update.
The word “mengupdate” originaly comes from English
word “update” and Indonesian prefix, “meg-“. The word class does not change.
Morphological proces : Affixation (prefix)
Update (verb) : meng- + update -> Mengupdate (verb).
è Ngetweet
The word “ngetweet”
originally comes from English word “tweet”. It has word class as a noun. When
it added by Indonesian prefix (nge-) the word class of “tweet” is chaged.
Morphological proces : Affixation (prefix)
Mellow (adj.) : nge- + tweet -> ngetweet (verb)
Lexical meaning : Sound of bird
Grammatical meaning : Posting statement on social network.
B.
Affixation
(Suffix)
Source:
Artini Artindol said on her comment, “Kamu silverin
dikit pasti oke”
è Silverin
It comes from English word
“silver” that atthached.with an Indonesian suffix-in. Actually, silver has word classes as a noun and
adjective. But, the word class changed become a verb when it added by
Indonesian suffix –in.
Morphological proces :
Affixation (suffix)
Silver
(adj.) : silver + -in -> silverin (verb)
Lexical meaning : Shiny whit precious metal (noun),
looking like silver (adjective)
Grammatical meaning :
Colouring something with silver colour
Other
English-Indonesia word reduplications and English-Indonesia affixtion:
-
Fine-fine
aja -Ngelike
-
Slow-Slow
aja -Battlean
-
Cool-cool -Nyetalking
-
Ngedance -etc.
-
Facialan
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
From the analysis above, there are some English words
that the word class and
the meaning are changed because of the Indonesian affixtion and
reduplication.
Nowadays, Indonesian language structure has undergone
many changes. Indonesian people, especially adolescence, has a lot of
difficulty in communicating with the good and right Indonesian language. These
changes occur due to the use of a new language which they see as creativity or to be looked “gaul” so the language commonly called “bahasa gaul”. It
is also due to the progress of the communication,
information and technology made some terms difficult to be absorbed into
Indonesia language. So, it lead many mixing in word structure (red:
English-Indonesia). According to Mr. Sahala, lecturer at the Faculty of
Journalism University of Padjadjaran, "Every generation or future always
appears in code that is valid in a small community or large. Language code of a
community can be short-lived, but may also live longer. "
Adolesences need “bahasa gaul” for existention. It
does not matter if someone or adolesence use a mixture of English-Indonesia in
its word structure to help someone more easier in the communication. But, As Indonesian people, we
have to love and learn about our language, like The Youth Pledge, We, the sons
and daughters of Indonesia, uphold the language of unity, the Indonesian languagebut
we have to love and learn the language of our own language: bahasa Indonesia
REFERENCES
Beardsmore,
Hugo Baetens. (1982). Bilingualisme: Basic Principles.
Depdikbud.
(2001). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta : Balai Pustaka
Durie,
Mark. (1985). A Grammar of Achenese. USA: Foris Publication
Hornby,
A.S..(1995). Oxford Advanced Learne’s
Dictionary, fifth edition, edited by Jonathan Crowther. London: Oxford
University.
Katamba,
Francis. 1993. Morphology. London: Macmillan Press.
Ramlan,
M. (1987). Morfologi. Jogyakarta: Cv.
Karyono
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