PROCEEDINGS-UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA 2014

AN ANALYSIS OF WORD FORMATION AND MEANING IN BAHASA GAUL ENGLISH-INDONESIA OF UNIVERSITYOF PGRI SEMARANG’S STUDENTS ON FACEBOOK

Dina AhsantaPuri

ahsantapuipui@gmail.com

University of PGRI Semarang

ABSTRACT

Linguistic phenomena in Indonesian adolescents have grown up along with technology and science development.  Adolescents are very close with popular language which is commonly called bahasa gaul. One of the most popular languages that have contributed in the development of bahasa gaul in Indonesia is English. As an international language, English has its own fascination for them. This paper showing about the language mixing of English-Indonesia becomes bahasa gaul which is famous around the adolescents. The researcher used descriptive qualitative method. This analysis focuses on facebook text. The data were taken from students of University of PGRI Semarang. For example, “fix”; “Kamu udah nge-fix-in tempat?” The adolescents use it word without understanding the meaning. But in other side, from language mixing of English-Indonesia, it makes many new words that have new meaning and unique formation.

Keywords        : bahasa gaul, facebook text, word formation, word meaning, University of PGRI Semarang

INTRODUCTION

Humans can not live without language, both spoken and written. Languages ​​are the symbols used to express thoughts, ideas and feelings to others. According to Big Indonesian Dictionary (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, KBBI) (2001:88) language is an abritrary system of sounds that are used by members of a community to cooperate, interact, and identify themselves.

Spoken language is a language that interaction directly. The presence of spoken language by talking can be related to a symbol of the spoken language. Then, written language is the language used indirectly, as contained in social, for exemple, facebook or twitter.

In globalization era, the spoken language or written language is growing increasingly, especially in social network. There is term "bahasa gaul" or alay. Koentjaraningrat, said that alay is a phenomenon that happened in Indonesian adolescence, who want to be recognized their existance among their friends. These phenomenons will change their style in writing and dressing.

Bahasa gaul is informal Indonesian dialect used by a particular community in a particular area or socially (KBBI, 2008: 116). Bahasa gaul developed along with the increasing of the technology and science. Bahasa gaul generally used as a means of communication among adolescences during a particular period. This is because adolescences have their own language to expressing themselves.

Adolescence has characteristics among other adventures, grouping, and delinquency. These characteristics are also reflected in their language. The desire to create an exclusive group cause they create a secret language (Sumarsana and Partana, 2002:150).

According to Owen (in Papalia: 2004) adolescence began to sense the words that have double meanings. They liked tho use metaphor, irony, and playing with words to express their opinion. Sometimes they create new expressions that are not standard.

The reason, why the researcher focus on text on facebook to be analyzed, it's because of the facebook had been known well than the other social networks. Nowadays, most of people have facebook accounts. Many adolescences on facebook use English-Indonesia word to express their thought or feeling. There are many English words undergoing construction and morphological processes with Indonesian affixation. Also  there are Indonesian reduplication style in English word.

Someone (red: adolescences) who is involved with the use of two languages and two cultures, certainly can’t be separated from the effects of the use of the two languages. One of the consequences of bilingualism is an overlap between the two language systems.

Malmaker (1992: 61-61) distinguish the language mixture into two linguistic systems:

a.       Transfer code (code switching): switching from one language into another language in one speech or conversation; and

b.      b. Mixed code (code mixing / interference), the use of language elements, of the language through a special speech into another language.

Mixed code or interference refers to the use of formal elements such as code language phoneme, morpheme, word, phrase, sentence in a context of one language into another  language (Beardsmore, 1982: 40). Code switching and code in the context of mixed-language and situations can be seen clearly, also the level, nature, and causes.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Haugen and Beardsmore (1982: 46) reported that the language elements are easily mixed after nouns are verbs, adjectives, adverbial, preposition and interjection; whereas pronouns and articles demonstrate the robustness to not mix with other language elements.

A.     Reduplication

Sapirin (Katamba:1993), reduplication is a repetition of the whole or part of radical elements. made to declare a symbol, to express each concept as a distribution, plural, repetition, stating regular activity and increases the size of the states.

Ramlan (1987), reduplication is process repeatability either fully or partially. There is a class of words that change and some of them are not change.

B.     Affixtion

Studying the process of forming words and affixes affixing method is the key to understanding the meaning of words and learn to read the text derivative Indonesian. Most of the words contained in newspapers and magazines Indonesia berafiks. If a person understands the meaning of basic words, he can understand the meaning of most words are derived (inherited) from the base, by using the general rules for each type of affixes.

                If we can accept a bit of confusion in the use of affixes, we can simplify the discussion of affixes (affixes). In classifying types of words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.) we use the word classification rule according to Big Indonesian Dictionary (Balai Pustaka, Ministry of Education and Culture, Second Edition - 1991) compiled and published by the Government of Indonesia.

Here are some Indonesian affixes:

-          prefiks:  ber-, di-, ke-, me-, meng-, mem-, meny-, pe-, pem-, peng-, peny-, per-, se-, ter-

-          sufiks:  -an, -kan, -i, -pun, -lah, -kah, -nya

-          konfiks:  ke - an, ber - an, pe - an, peng - an, peny - an, pem - an, per - an, se - nya

METHODOLOGY

This research used a qualitative descriptive method to describe English word which is added by Indonesian affixes and the reduplication of English word when used in Indonesian culture. This research focus on adolecents that usually using English-Indonesia word, or it is commonly called as bahasa gaul.

WHO (World Health Organization) identifies adolescence as the period in human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood, from ages 10 to19. Based on that definition, the reseacher made a reseach about text on facebook. It is focus on University of PGRI Semarang’s students; second semester to fourth semester that the ages about 10-19 years old.

On facebook, in account setting, there is “close friends” feature. The user can add the best friends to this list to see more of them in theis news feed and get the notified each time their friend post.

This research used technique of note, because the object of this study were  vocabularies that undergoing construction and morphological processes when mixed with Indonesian in some texts on facebook.

Data processing techniques:

1. Describing English word that containing construction and morphological processes of Indonesian affixation.

2. Analyzing the change of the word class

3. Analyzing the lexical meaning

4. Analyze grammatical meaning

FINDING AND DISCUSSION

From 30 students in University of PGRI Semarang, the reseachers found 3 students using the word English-Indonesia on facebook. There are some unique words that have undergone morphological construction

A.     Reduplication and Affixation (Prefix)

Source: https://www.facebook.com/ramadhan.abuabu

https://www.facebook.com/hilda.winar?fref=hovercard

Argantha Pratama Ramadhan said on his comment, “hari ini banyak status mellow-mellow. Semangat Stop bermellow. Ayo ngguyu.”

There are two kinds of word that has been changed in form and meaning, they are: “mellow-mellow” and “ber-mellow”

è Mellow-Mellow (sedih-sedih)

It’s unusual to hear the word “mellow-mellow” in English. There is no “mellow-mellow” reduplication  in English.  It’s only happened when the English word (mellow) mixing with the Indonesian culture that rich of reduplication. 

è  Bermellow (bersedih)

The word “bermellow” originally comes from Englis word “mellow” which is added by the Indonesian prefix, “ber-“.  The word mellow has a word class as an adjective, but when it added by Indonesian prefix “ber”,the word class of “mellow” has been changed become verb.

Morphological proces  : Affixation (prefix)

Mellow (adj.)               : Ber- + mellow -> bermellow (verb)

Lexical meaning           : soft

Grammatical meaning  : Making self in sadness situation.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/anggita.ratnaningtyas

Anggita Ratnaning Tyas said in her status on facebook, “aku lebih seneng mengupdate status daripada ngetweet mulu”

From the text, there are two English-Indonesia words. They are: meng-update and nge-tweet.

è Mengupdate/ Meng-update.

The word “mengupdate” originaly comes from English word “update” and Indonesian prefix, “meg-“. The word class does not change.

Morphological proces           : Affixation (prefix)

Update (verb)                       : meng- + update -> Mengupdate (verb).

è Ngetweet

The word “ngetweet” originally comes from English word “tweet”. It has word class as a noun. When it added by Indonesian prefix (nge-) the word class of “tweet” is chaged.

Morphological proces  : Affixation (prefix)

Mellow (adj.)               : nge- + tweet -> ngetweet (verb)

Lexical meaning           : Sound of bird

Grammatical meaning  : Posting statement on social network.

B.     Affixation (Suffix)

Source:

https://www.facebook.com/eka.saputrii.50?fref=hovercard

https://www.facebook.com/artini.artindol

Artini Artindol said on her comment, “Kamu silverin dikit pasti oke”

è Silverin

It comes from English word “silver” that atthached.with an Indonesian suffix-in. Actually, silver has word classes as a noun and adjective. But, the word class changed become a verb when it added by Indonesian suffix –in.

Morphological proces     : Affixation (suffix)

Silver (adj.)                    : silver + -in -> silverin (verb)

Lexical meaning             : Shiny whit precious metal (noun), looking like silver (adjective)

Grammatical meaning    : Colouring something with silver colour

Other English-Indonesia word reduplications and English-Indonesia affixtion:

-          Fine-fine aja                      -Ngelike

-          Slow-Slow aja                   -Battlean

-          Cool-cool                           -Nyetalking

-          Ngedance                          -etc.

-          Facialan

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

From the analysis above, there are some English words that the word class and the meaning are changed because of the Indonesian affixtion and reduplication.

Nowadays, Indonesian language structure has undergone many changes. Indonesian people, especially adolescence, has a lot of difficulty in communicating with the good and right Indonesian language. These changes occur due to the use of a new language which they see as creativity or to be looked “gaul” so the language commonly called “bahasa gaul”. It is also due to the progress of the communication, information and technology made some terms difficult to be absorbed into Indonesia language. So, it lead many mixing in word structure (red: English-Indonesia). According to Mr. Sahala, lecturer at the Faculty of Journalism University of Padjadjaran, "Every generation or future always appears in code that is valid in a small community or large. Language code of a community can be short-lived, but may also live longer. "

Adolesences need “bahasa gaul” for existention. It does not matter if someone or adolesence use a mixture of English-Indonesia in its word structure to help someone more easier in the  communication. But, As Indonesian people, we have to love and learn about our language, like The Youth Pledge, We, the sons and daughters of Indonesia, uphold the language of unity, the Indonesian languagebut we have to love and learn the language of our own language: bahasa Indonesia

REFERENCES

Beardsmore, Hugo Baetens. (1982). Bilingualisme: Basic Principles.

Depdikbud. (2001). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta : Balai Pustaka

Durie, Mark. (1985). A Grammar of Achenese. USA: Foris Publication

Hornby, A.S..(1995). Oxford Advanced Learne’s Dictionary, fifth edition, edited by Jonathan Crowther. London: Oxford University.

Katamba, Francis. 1993. Morphology. London: Macmillan Press.

Ramlan, M. (1987). Morfologi. Jogyakarta: Cv. Karyono

Puipui Reborn!

 

TERAPI DIRI UNTUK KEMBALI

Jika ada kesempatan, aku ingin kembali mengunjungi Semarang. Kota yang pernah menumbuhkan suatu mimpi dan sekaligus menjadikanku pecundang yang melepaskan mimpi itu. Mimpi yang seandainya mewujud manusia, ia baru sebesar balita. Balita yang digadang tumbuh menjadi jawara itu, kutelantarkan karena kepayahan dan langkah yang tertahan kekecewaan. Berkali kali aku menyalahkan diri, dasar pecundang! Sungguh aku egois pada diri.

Aku terus berlari dengan dalih menyembuhkan diri. Pelarian yang memperparah dan menghambat kesembuhan. Banyak kawan mencoba meraih tanganku dan memintaku kembali, ‘menulislah, kami rindu tulisanmu.” Aku selalu sensitif jika ada seseorang membahas aku yang dulu, “dulu kamu... aku mengenal kamu sebagai... aku selalu ingin sepertimu, kenapa kamu berhenti.” Aku membenci pertanyaan macam itu, tanya yang membuatku merasa semakin payah. Mentalku payah, bukannya terpantik untuk memulai kembali, justru semakin kencang berlari. Memasuki persinggahan demi persinggahan yang mengungkung jati diri.

Pertama aku mengenali apa itu mimpi, saat aku sadar aku sangat ingin menjadi atlet badminton. Tapi aku sadar, itu berat dan sudah ikhlas menjadi penggemar bulu tangkis saja. Serupa hukum kekekalan energi, bahwasannya energi tidak pernah musnah, ia hanya berubah wujud. Seperti itulah mimpiku, mimpiku masih hidup dan berubah ke tulisan.

Hampir 7 tahun aku berhenti dan meyakini mimpi itu telah mati. Namun, hari-hari yang kulewati serupa malam yang berkepanjangan. Gelap dan menyesakkan, mimpi itu kerap menyelinap dan menghantui diri. Ia seperti meminta pertanggung jawabanku menghidupkannya.

7 tahun aku menyepi dengan caraku. Merenungi setiap langkah, setiap tatap, setiap aroma, setiap sentuhan, setiap ingatan. Aku mencoba menggapai kepercayaan diri kembali dan mengajak diri ini berdamai dengan diri.

MULAI BANGKIT

Aku bertapa dalam senyum, dalam komunikasi, dalam bacaan, dalam kesabaran, dalam keberanian. Sampai aku mendapati Haruki Murakami saja melahirkan karya ketika usia 29 tahun, banyak karyanya yang lahir dari kesepian. Menilik usiaku, aku belum terlambat dan memang tidak ada batasan usia. Ini bukan perekrutan CPNS.

 

MENGINGAT KEMBALI AWAL MULA

1.       Receh, humoris, ‘aneh dan nyleneh’, imajinatif, memiliki sudut pandang berbeda.

Seorang kawan belum lama ini mengatakan, “kamu ada-ada saja ya, dulu perkara tai kuda saja bisa kamu tulis semenarik itu.” Tai kuda? Biasanya ingatanku sangat tajam. Tapi memang karena there were some problems hit me hard, membuat sebagian ingatanku hilang. Bukan semacam amnesia tapi seperti autoprotect dari pikiran yang mengeblok beberapa file ingatan untuk melindungi diri dari rasa sakit. Dan ia serupa antibody yang tak bisa memilih mana bakteri baik dan bakteri jahat, atau serupa antivirus yang justru mengformat banyak file penting.

Aku bekerja pada suatu tempat yang mungkin agak susah untuk mengembangkan kesenanganku ini, jadi tak banyak orang yang tahu siapa aku. Aku sebenarnya menikmati ketidaktahuan itu. Karena terkadang banyak pencapaian masa lalu yang tidak bisa kita banggakan di masa yang lain, kebangaan yang sudah tidak relevan dan perlu diupdate.

2.       Media

Aku pun teringat dulu banyak mengenalku karena ‘notes’ FB. Keberadaan FB kala itu sebenarnya sangat berjasa untukku. Keisenganku menulis mengundang pembaca gabut yang makin gabut dengan mengeshare tulisan receh itu.

3.       Wadah atau Komunitas

Di semarang, aku di dukung Vokal, KIAS, dan kenalan dari beragam komunitas. Setiap saat otakku bekerja, menjadikan diri semakin haus akan ilmu. Bisa kusebut beberapa orang yang sangat berjasa, Mas Sanul, Mbak Tami, Mas Farid, Mas Priyo, Fauzi, Widha, Evi, Mas Hajir besar, Mbak Rini, Mbak Ari, Mbak Hani, Mbak Sofi, Mas Wid, Mbak Santi, Mas Deska, Pak Pras, Mbak Hae, Ita, Putri, Si Kembar and family dan rekan-rekan Vokal dan KIAS yang mampu mengapresiasi karya dengan baik

4.       Kopi, Musik, Malam

Mbak Hae, senior kos ucup mungkin kerap kaget melihatku pukul 1 atau 2 dini hari nangkring di genting kos dengan laptop. Katanya kos itu sebenarnya angker tapi sepertinya setan akan takut kepadaku, karena aku lebih berani. Ia mendukungku untuk menulis dan berkeyakinan suatu saat nanti aku bisa melahirkan suatu karya. Saat itu aku berpikir, ia memiliki keyakinan yang aku sendiri tak terpikirkan apalagi memiliki.

Dokter klinik kampus sangat hafal denganku. Saat aku menempuh pendidikan PPG (2 tahun setelah lulus) ia masih mengenalku. Memang aku dulu kerap ke klinik. Salah satunya karena kopi. Karena kebanyakan kopi jadi magh atau anyang-anyangen hahaha.

Aku tidak menyebut diri maniak kopi. Aku hanya menyukainya.

Laptop masa kuliahku full dengan beberapa lagu. Jangan tanya siapa penyanyi favorit atau genre apa yang kusukai, pokoknya asal enak didengar. Aku pernah menemukan suatu flashdisk, entah milik siapa. Aku cek isinya untuk mengidentifikasi pemiliknya tapi tidak ada jejak-jejak kepemilikan. Yang kudapati hanya folder-folder album dari naif, sheila, dewa19, slowrock, indie, payung teduh, pop 2000an, lagu jadul barat, banyak lainnya. Aku mengopy semuanya. Meski selama ini bisa mendengarkan lewat YT, ini bisa menjadi alternatif jika tidak ada koneksi. Lagu-lagu itu kerap menemani malamku juga. Salah satu yang sering kuputar “mama dan bulan purnam-Naif”

 

5.       Diam-diam berusaha

Aku tidak pernah sesumbar mengikuti perlombaan atau mengirim karya ke media massa. 15% tidak suka pamer, 85% malu-maluin lah kalau gagal hahaha. Gak sih, lebih tidak ingin terintervensi orang lain.

 

6.       Menulis seperti hasrat BAB

Pak Pras, pernah berkata menulis seperti hasrat BAB. Ia tidak bisa kita tahan. Jika ada hasrat untuk menulis, meski hanya satu kalimat. Maka tulislah. Dulu aku memiliki banyak draft tulisan. Tapi sayamg, laptopku rusak.

 

7.       Intuisi, Logika dan Analogi yang baik

Satu hal sih, jangan bodoh karena cinta.

 

Dan saya menulis ini bagian dari pemberhentian pelarian. Aku sudah mendeklarasikan diri aku akan kembali di instagram. Bukan berarti aku menyalahi poin 5. Ini sebagai pengikat sosial saja. Serupa diet yang katanya kalau mau berhasil harus diumumkan, agar orang lain memperhatikan perubahan kita. Ya kalau ada yang perhatian ya ....

 

Sekarang aku mulai stabil, berkarib dengan laptop kembali, membuka wacana dengan banyak membaca kembali, mulai pemanasan dengan asal menulis begini. Dan memiliki support systems: kopi, musik plus kucing. Meooong...

Ya semoga juga dapat bonus support system hidup hahaha

 

Welcome back, Puipui!